1. a) A raw material for photosynthesis is
b) The anthers of flowers
attract insects contain egg cells develop into fruits produce pollen
c) The nucleus of a cell contains
cellulose cytoplasm genes starch
d)
Children need calcium in their diets to
cure constipation help bones to develop make them healthy supply energy
e) All plant and animal cells have
a cell surface membrane a cell wall a large vacuole chloroplasts
f) An insect has
a hard backbone a soft cuticle eight legs three pairs of legs
g) The decay of dead organisms is caused by the
carnivores decomposers herbivores producers
h) Sweating
cools the body gets rid of unwanted water keeps the skin moist warms the body
i) Fertilisation takes place when a sperm combines with
a sperm an egg (ovum) an ovary an ovule
j) Smoking may reduce the surface area of the
lungs bladder heart kidneys
(10)
2. Complete the passage below, using some of the following words. Each word may be used once, more than once or not at all.
carbon dioxide ethanol glucose mould
nitrogen oxygen wine yeast
Some organisms can respire anaerobically, that is without . An example of such an organism is which is used in making bread, beer and . When making bread is given off and this makes the dough rise. A loaf does not contain any because this evaporates during baking.
(5)
3. The picture shows part of the kitchen of a restaurant.
(a) Suggest one way in which this kitchen is unhygienic. Give a reason for your answer.
(2)
(b) The chef always washes her hands after going to the lavatory. Why is this necessary?
(2)
(c) Why is it a good idea to store food in a refrigerator?
(1)
4. The picture on the left shows a leaf of a plant called Venus flytrap. When a fly lands on it, the hairs on the surface of the leaf are stimulated and the leaf quickly closes as shown in the second picture. The fly is then digested and the soluble products are absorbed into the leaf.
(a) State two ways in which the structure of the leaf of this plant differs from that of most other plants.
(i) (1)
(ii) (1)
(b) The plant is able to photosynthesise in the normal way. Name one food substance which it obtains by photosynthesis.
(1)
(c) (i) Suggest one mineral which most plants obtain from the soil but which the Venus flytrap obtains from the fly.
(1)
(ii) Why do you think the Venus flytrap has to obtain this element from the fly?
(1)
(d) Describe a simple experiment you could do to find out if Venus flytrap plants need to digest flies to grow normally.
(5)
5. Miss Murgatroyd sets up a bottle garden. A bottle garden is a sealed glass container which contains plants growing on soil or compost. Despite being separated from the outside air, the plants will survive for years. The drawing shows Miss Murgatroyd's bottle garden after she had set it up.
(a) (i) Name a gas which plants need for photosynthesis.
(1)
(ii) Name a gas which plants need for respiration.
(1)
(b) How can the plants survive for years in the sealed atmosphere of a bottle garden?
(2)
(c) What would be the effect on the air in the bottle if Miss Murgatroyd had put a few animals such as earthworms and snails in the bottle?
(2)
(d) Since the bottle is sealed, Miss Murgatroyd cannot water the plants. How do they get the water they need?
(2)
(e) Miss Murgatroyd found that her bottle plants eventually began to look rather unhealthy with poor growth. Suggest a reason for this.
(2)
6. The breathing rates of five dogs, when they are sleeping and standing, are shown below.
(a) Calculate the average breathing rate for the dogs.
Sleeping: breaths per minute (1)
Standing: breaths per minute (1)
(b) Why does the breathing rate of a dog increase when it stands up?
(3)
(c) Suggest another process besides breathing which is likely to take place at a faster rate when the dogs are standing.
(1)
(d) What would you expect to happen to the breathing rate if the dogs were walking? Give a reason for your answer.
(2)
(e) Suggest two other factors besides activity which may affect a dog's breathing rate.
(i) (1)
(ii) (1)
7. Describe the main steps of an investigation which you have done or heard about which shows that light is needed for a potted plant to photosynthesise. Assume that the presence of starch in the leaves is an indication that photosynthesis has been taking place.
(5)
8. What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of a modern diet?
(5)